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Stacks
A last-in, first-out structure: push to the top, pop from the top.
Complete codeDebugCode orderMultiple choiceTapTrace - 2
Queues
A first-in, first-out structure: add at the back, remove from the front.
Complete codeDebugFill blankMultiple choiceTapTrace - 3
Stacks & Queues CheckpointCheckpoint
Prove you know LIFO vs FIFO and their operations before moving on to trees.
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Valid Parentheses
A stack remembers the most recent unclosed opener — every closer must match the top.
Complete codeMultiple choiceTapTrace - 5
Min Stack
Store the min-so-far alongside each element so popping never loses the minimum's history.
Complete codeMultiple choiceTapTrace - 6
Queue from Two Stacks
Two reversals restore original order — refill the out-stack only when it's empty.
Complete codeMultiple choiceTapTrace - 7
Stack & Queue ReviewReview
Revisit the island's big ideas: LIFO vs FIFO, matching brackets with a stack, min-so-far pairs, and the two-stack queue.
DebugCode orderFill blankMultiple choiceTapTrace - 8
Boss: Valid ParenthesesBoss
Solve Valid Parentheses end to end: choose the pattern, assemble the check, trace it, and handle every edge case.
Complete codeCode orderMultiple choiceTrace